| Factor | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Effort Estimation | Person-hours/story points needed for test tasks | 5 testers × 8 hrs/day × 10 days = 400 person-hours |
| Time Estimation | Total duration (calendar/working days) considering availability | 3 weeks for test execution (excluding weekends/holidays) |
| Cost Estimation | Budgeting resources, tools, infra, environment setup | Test tool license (NOK 20,000), Testers (NOK 200/hr × hrs) |
| Test Levels & Tasks | Breakdown of activities across Unit, Integration, System, Acceptance Testing | System test includes test planning, case design, execution |
| Agile Integration | In Agile, test effort is embedded within development sprints | 13 story points in Sprint 5 include test effort |
| Constraints (Time-Cost-Quality) | Triangle constraint where changing one affects the others | Reducing time may increase cost or reduce quality |
| Distributed Teams | Consider time zone differences and coordination effort | Offshore team needs overlap hours and coordination meetings |
✅ Short Scenarios (K2)
-
You’re estimating a system testing phase. Your team includes 4 testers, each working 7 hours/day. The phase is expected to last 2 weeks (10 working days). What is the total estimated effort?
A. 280 hours
B. 140 hours
C. 560 hours
D. 70 hours
✅ Answer: A (4 × 7 × 10 = 280 person-hours) -
In Agile development, test effort estimation is usually:
A. A separate task post sprint planning
B. Done by Scrum Master
C. Included in story point estimation
D. Calculated after development ends
✅ Answer: C
✅ Long Scenarios (K2)
-
A test manager is planning estimation for a performance testing sub-project in a multi-site project. The team is spread across Norway and India. What two factors must be included?
A. Weekend support and localization testing
B. Time zone differences and coordination effort
C. Only tool cost and bandwidth speed
D. Resource attrition rate
✅ Answer: B -
A project has a tight deadline, and testing has to be completed in 5 days instead of 10. Which statement reflects the time-cost-quality triangle?
A. Cost and quality remain unchanged
B. Reducing time may require more testers or reduced test coverage
C. Reducing time improves quality
D. Testing can be skipped
✅ Answer: B
1. Question:
A test manager needs to estimate the test execution effort. The team has 6 testers working 6 hours per day for 15 working days. What is the total estimated effort?
Options:
A. 540 hours
B. 720 hours
C. 360 hours
D. 900 hours
✅ Answer: B. 720 hours
(6 testers × 6 hours × 15 days = 720 person-hours)
2. Question:
Which of the following is the most important factor when estimating the cost of a test automation project?
Options:
A. Developer availability
B. Scripting language used
C. Tool license and infrastructure cost
D. Network latency
✅ Answer: C. Tool license and infrastructure cost
3. Question:
Which triangle describes the interdependent relationship between time, cost, and quality in a project?
Options:
A. ROI triangle
B. Test automation triangle
C. Project constraint triangle
D. Development triangle
✅ Answer: C. Project constraint triangle
4. Question:
In Agile projects, test estimation is typically handled by:
Options:
A. Defining separate QA timelines
B. Adding testing hours after development ends
C. Embedding it within story point estimation
D. Assigning it only to the Scrum Master
✅ Answer: C. Embedding it within story point estimation
5. Question:
You reduce the testing duration by 50% without increasing the number of testers. What is the most likely consequence?
Options:
A. Test quality will improve
B. Testing becomes more efficient
C. Risk of insufficient testing increases
D. Overall cost will reduce
✅ Answer: C. Risk of insufficient testing increases
6. Question:
What is the correct logical sequence in estimating a test project?
Options:
A. Tasks → Test Levels → Costs → Schedule
B. Test Levels → Activities → Tasks → Effort → Cost
C. Budget → Time → Test Plan → Test Case
D. Requirements → Code → Defects → Retesting
✅ Answer: B. Test Levels → Activities → Tasks → Effort → Cost
7. Question:
A Scrum team estimates a user story with 30 story points including development and testing. What type of estimation is this?
Options:
A. Time-based estimation
B. Cost-based estimation
C. Agile-based estimation
D. Waterfall-based estimation
✅ Answer: C. Agile-based estimation
8. Question:
Your test project is distributed across three global locations. Which of the following is a critical factor to include in your estimation?
Options:
A. Licensing model
B. Distributed team coordination efforts
C. Network bandwidth
D. Version control strategy
✅ Answer: B. Distributed team coordination efforts
9. Question:
The client reduces the test budget by 50%. What is the most likely trade-off to maintain delivery?
Options:
A. Increase automation
B. Improve performance
C. Reduce scope or test coverage
D. Hire more testers
✅ Answer: C. Reduce scope or test coverage
10. Question:
How do test effort and test duration differ in estimation?
Options:
A. Effort is calendar time; duration is person-hours
B. Effort is per hour billing; duration is the number of testers
C. Effort is total work needed; duration is elapsed calendar time
D. Effort and duration are always the same
✅ Answer: C. Effort is total work needed; duration is elapsed calendar time
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