| Element | Description |
|---|---|
| Defect Management | Process of recording, managing, and tracking anomalies/defects throughout SDLC. |
| Other Names | Incident Management (ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119-3), Anomaly Management (TMAP). |
| Purpose | Control quality, identify trends, improve test/dev processes, optimize cost of quality. |
| Defect Lifecycle Phases | Detect → Report → Analyze → Fix → Retest → Close (or Reject). |
| Detection Methods | Static testing (reviews, walkthroughs) & dynamic testing (actual vs. expected results). |
| Defect Workflow States | OPEN → IN PROGRESS → RESOLVED → CLOSED / REJECTED (can include RE-OPENED, DEFERRED etc.) |
| Best Practices | Unified workflow across org, 1 terminal state (CLOSED), role-specific states, meaningful transitions. |
Workflow State |
Description | Example (Web App Defect) |
|---|---|---|
| OPEN | Defect logged by tester | Tester finds login page crashes on invalid email input. |
| IN PROGRESS | Developer starts analyzing | Dev reviews logs, identifies validation bug in JS. |
| REJECTED | Defect not valid/duplicate | Dev rejects: working as intended per new spec. |
| RESOLVED | Fix applied, ready for retest | Dev updates input validation logic and marks resolved. |
| CLOSED | Tester confirms fix & closes | Tester retests: no crash, closes defect. |
| RE-OPENED | Reoccurs or fix not valid | Same crash still happens in Firefox. Tester reopens. |
| DEFERRED | Fix postponed | Minor bug in tooltip text deferred to next release. |
🔹 Short Scenario MCQ 1
Scenario: A tester finds a discrepancy in the test result but realizes later the test script had a bug.
Q: What should the defect status be?
A. OPEN
B. RESOLVED
C. REJECTED
D. CLOSED
✅ Answer: C. REJECTED
🔹 Short Scenario MCQ 2
Scenario: In an Agile team, a developer fixes a bug and notifies the tester.
Q: What should be the new defect state?
A. RE-OPENED
B. RESOLVED
C. CLOSED
D. IN PROGRESS
✅ Answer: B. RESOLVED
🔹 Long Scenario MCQ 3
Scenario: A defect was found during testing and logged. The developer rejected it, saying it's a duplicate. Later, it was found that both defects had different root causes.
Q: What would be the best practice here?
A. Keep it rejected
B. Mark it as OPEN and assign again
C. Delete the defect
D. Ignore and wait for UAT
✅ Answer: B. Mark it as OPEN and assign again
Q1:
You find that clicking the “Submit” button on a form results in a blank screen. You raise a defect. The dev checks and says it’s not reproducible.
A. RESOLVED
B. REJECTED
C. CLOSED
D. OPEN
✅ Answer: B. REJECTED
Q2:
You retest a defect fixed by the developer, and the issue is resolved. What should be the next state?
A. RE-OPENED
B. IN PROGRESS
C. CLOSED
D. NEW
✅ Answer: C. CLOSED
Q3:
In TDD, several automated tests fail. What is the correct action?
A. Log defects for each failure
B. Reject all failures
C. Do not log them as defects
D. Close them immediately
✅ Answer: C. Do not log them as defects
Q4:
An Agile team uses a simplified defect workflow. Which one is typical?
A. 10-step workflow with assigned QA sign-offs
B. OPEN → IN PROGRESS → RESOLVED → CLOSED
C. IN REVIEW → ESCALATED → READY → DELIVERED
D. PROPOSED → UNDER QA → DEFERRED → OBSOLETE
✅ Answer: B. OPEN → IN PROGRESS → RESOLVED → CLOSED
Q5:
Why should there be only one terminal state (e.g., CLOSED)?
A. Reduces developer workload
B. Simplifies workflow training
C. Ensures consistent defect closure data for analysis
D. Prevents reopening defects
✅ Answer: C. Ensures consistent defect closure data for analysis
Q6:
Who typically owns a defect when it's in “IN PROGRESS” state?
A. Test Manager
B. Developer
C. Product Owner
D. Automation Engineer
✅ Answer: B. Developer
Q7:
Which best describes “cost of quality” in defect management?
A. Money spent fixing UI bugs
B. Total cost of test tools
C. Effort and cost related to preventing, finding, and fixing defects
D. Cost of hardware testing setup
✅ Answer: C. Effort and cost related to preventing, finding, and fixing defects
Q8:
Which of the following is NOT a valid reason to reject a defect?
A. Duplicate
B. Incorrect test case
C. Requirement misunderstanding
D. Developer is busy
✅ Answer: D. Developer is busy
Q9:
A tester logs a defect, but the Product Owner says it's out of scope for this release. What state fits best?
A. REJECTED
B. DEFERRED
C. CLOSED
D. RESOLVED
✅ Answer: B. DEFERRED
Q10:
Defect is fixed but during confirmation testing, issue still exists. Tester should:
A. Close the defect
B. Reopen the defect
C. Escalate to Test Manager
D. Reject the defect
✅ Answer: B. Reopen the defect
No comments:
Post a Comment